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Member You - How to Analyze Oil Analysis Reports
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Elements found in your oil sample are measured in parts per million (PPM) - a very small amount. A single PPM is equivalent to 0.0001%. To put that in perspective, it takes 10,000 PPM to equate to 1.0%. Concentrations seen in oil analysis reports will be from one PPM to several hundred PPMS.
Tests performed during an oil analysis to find the elements floating in your oil include an ICP Spectroscopy, Particle Count, FT-IR, and Analytical Ferrography.
The ICP Spectroscopy
This measures the concentration of wear metals, contaminant metals and additive metals. In a repeatable oil analysis test, a diluted oil sample is pulverized by inert gas (argon) to form an aerosol. This is magnetically induced to form plasma at 9000 degrees C. The high temperature causes metal ions to t
Frankly, most professionals don't give a damn about how to network, because they try and sell who they are and what they do based on past success - assuming this will open doors and business. However by selling rather than marketing, many people just simply walk away with no benefit or potential outcome. Consequently events become nothing short of boring and a general waste of time. I can see you nodding.On the other hand, some professionals enjoy networking, are good conversationalists, and like finding out different people and their industries rather than telling people about them.And they may even bother to remember a few names, and ask questions with genuine curiosity...but sadly believe that a few new business cards in their top pocket and the promise "lunch" they are a) competent networkers and b) business is in the bag.But with no strategy, preparation, and plan in mind before they walk in, they too walk out no better off than before they came - other than having enjoyed a few drinks and the chance to eat highly loaded cholesterol pizzas they wouldn't get at home. Agree?It's never been more important for CEO's, Executives and Directors
Interpreting an Oil Analysis Report
When all else fails, read the instructions. This is the well established rule of last resort; whether we are putting together a child’s toy or trying to operate the latest electronic device. The oil analysis reports are the instructions for smooth running equipments.
Instruction manuals written today are reduced to five quick start steps with big pictures. Oil analysis reports begin with problem summaries and red-letter critical alerts. An oil analysis interpreter immediately glances at the top right hand box for lubricant and machine condition on oil analysis reports. Eyes then graze the summary of the oil sample and the problems found during oil analysis. Then oil analysis report readers grab what they can from the graphs of individual elemental tests.
The oil analysis report, however, has much more to say than a quick diagnosis can offer by scanning for red letters and glancing at colorful graphs. Reading an oil analysis report can be daunting and dull unless you know what you are reading. You must overly analyze the oil analysis report, know your equipment and correctly interpret the results.
Here are some checkpoints to cover when you are reading an oil analysis report.
Read the Name
When you open your reports, make sure they are just that, your reports. Mistakes can be made; be certain the oil analysis report has your name, the company name, the Unit ID, the manufacturer, the model, and the unit type or component. Look for the lubricant manufacture and type, viscosity grade of the oil in the unit, note the time the unit was serviced, and if the oil was changed or makeup oil added.
Now you that you know that the analysis reports belong to you, it is time to know what is circulating around your unit. It is time to read the oil analysis report.
Read the Oil Analysis
You should be able to see a quick summary of the condition of your oil with a cursory glance at your oil analysis report. You should be able to see quickly the problem area in your unit, how bad the problem is, and a suggested course of action from the summary information provided in your oil analysis report.
Take a closer look at your oil analysis report. Understand that the oil analyst is looking at hundreds of samples every day and might become confused or misinterpret some details of your unit and its particulars. Knowing how to read your oil analysis report and knowing your machine will eliminate confusing results. When all else fails, read the oil analysis report carefully.
Analyzing the oil analysis report involves understanding the elements flowing in your oil and at what level. You will read the viscosity level of the oil sample; the water found in the oil; and the acid number (TAN) in your oil analysis report.
Read the Elements
Read the elements circulating in your oil. Some elements are supposed to be there. Other elements found in oil are picked up as the oil circulates and splashes on different components and surfaces of the machine. Some oil trash simply falls into the sump. No matter how the contaminates enter the oil, they are carried along within the oil and cause metal wear.
The key to oil analysis reports is the elemental analysis. There is a wealth of information on your oil analysis report about wear behavior, contaminates entering the system, and the service needed.
You should be asking questions as you read your oil analysis report: What does it all mean? Where is contaminant debris coming from in your unit? What am I looking for that will help me see what is happening inside my unit? Am I looking at suspended particles that are from the additives or from elements being picked up as the oil circulate, or from debris falling into the unit?
These elements are commonly the cause of component wear: iron, chromium, aluminum, copper, lead, tin, nickel, molybdenum, antimony, silver, titanium, and manganese. On your oil analysis report, some elements are single out such as copper or iron and given special attention.
Elements found in your oil sample are measured in parts per million (PPM) - a very small amount. A single PPM is equivalent to 0.0001%. To put that in perspective, it takes 10,000 PPM to equate to 1.0%. Concentrations seen in oil analysis reports will be from one PPM to several hundred PPMS.
Tests performed during an oil analysis to find the elements floating in your oil include an ICP Spectroscopy, Particle Count, FT-IR, and Analytical Ferrography.
The ICP Spectroscopy
This measures the concentration of wear metals, contaminant metals and additive metals. In a repeatable oil analysis test, a diluted oil sample is pulverized by inert gas (argon) to form an aerosol. This is magnetically induced to form plasma at 9000 degrees C. The high temperature causes metal ions to ta
Consultants News, of Peterborough, NH, is probably the most prestigious consultants news letter published and features world wide distribution. Awhile back, because they receive many questions about “how to value consulting firms” . . . . . whether they're mid-sized firms being acquired by industrial giants, or founding partners assessing fair valuation when new partners are appointed. To deal with CN's coverage of this topic, they asked Charlotte based consultant and valuation analyst Paul A. Halas, Jr., to outline his valuation technique as it applies to consulting firms.Thomas D'Ufrey said: “The worth of a thing is known by its want.” For management consultants the more contemporary question might be “how much is a consulting firm worth in real dollars.”Someone suggested at a past Institute of Management Consultants (IMC) conference that a consulting practice is really nothing more than a specialized business whose value is the sum of hard assets plus current real profits.But its not that simple. And there's no single formula to determine base valuation. My method, which I call the Halas Business Valuation System (HBVS) blends several protocols
The oil analysis report, however, has much more to say than a quick diagnosis can offer by scanning for red letters and glancing at colorful graphs. Reading an oil analysis report can be daunting and dull unless you know what you are reading. You must overly analyze the oil analysis report, know your equipment and correctly interpret the results.
Here are some checkpoints to cover when you are reading an oil analysis report.
Read the Name
When you open your reports, make sure they are just that, your reports. Mistakes can be made; be certain the oil analysis report has your name, the company name, the Unit ID, the manufacturer, the model, and the unit type or component. Look for the lubricant manufacture and type, viscosity grade of the oil in the unit, note the time the unit was serviced, and if the oil was changed or makeup oil added.
Now you that you know that the analysis reports belong to you, it is time to know what is circulating around your unit. It is time to read the oil analysis report.
Read the Oil Analysis
You should be able to see a quick summary of the condition of your oil with a cursory glance at your oil analysis report. You should be able to see quickly the problem area in your unit, how bad the problem is, and a suggested course of action from the summary information provided in your oil analysis report.
Take a closer look at your oil analysis report. Understand that the oil analyst is looking at hundreds of samples every day and might become confused or misinterpret some details of your unit and its particulars. Knowing how to read your oil analysis report and knowing your machine will eliminate confusing results. When all else fails, read the oil analysis report carefully.
Analyzing the oil analysis report involves understanding the elements flowing in your oil and at what level. You will read the viscosity level of the oil sample; the water found in the oil; and the acid number (TAN) in your oil analysis report.
Read the Elements
Read the elements circulating in your oil. Some elements are supposed to be there. Other elements found in oil are picked up as the oil circulates and splashes on different components and surfaces of the machine. Some oil trash simply falls into the sump. No matter how the contaminates enter the oil, they are carried along within the oil and cause metal wear.
The key to oil analysis reports is the elemental analysis. There is a wealth of information on your oil analysis report about wear behavior, contaminates entering the system, and the service needed.
You should be asking questions as you read your oil analysis report: What does it all mean? Where is contaminant debris coming from in your unit? What am I looking for that will help me see what is happening inside my unit? Am I looking at suspended particles that are from the additives or from elements being picked up as the oil circulate, or from debris falling into the unit?
These elements are commonly the cause of component wear: iron, chromium, aluminum, copper, lead, tin, nickel, molybdenum, antimony, silver, titanium, and manganese. On your oil analysis report, some elements are single out such as copper or iron and given special attention.
Elements found in your oil sample are measured in parts per million (PPM) - a very small amount. A single PPM is equivalent to 0.0001%. To put that in perspective, it takes 10,000 PPM to equate to 1.0%. Concentrations seen in oil analysis reports will be from one PPM to several hundred PPMS.
Tests performed during an oil analysis to find the elements floating in your oil include an ICP Spectroscopy, Particle Count, FT-IR, and Analytical Ferrography.
The ICP Spectroscopy
This measures the concentration of wear metals, contaminant metals and additive metals. In a repeatable oil analysis test, a diluted oil sample is pulverized by inert gas (argon) to form an aerosol. This is magnetically induced to form plasma at 9000 degrees C. The high temperature causes metal ions to t
In the post-quota era, India and China are emerging as the major hubs for global apparel sourcing, mainly to U.S.A. and the European Union.There are several factors which led to this development. The vast size of the Indian textile industry and its competitiveness make it one of the world’s leading apparel exporters. India has vast sources of raw materials. Labor costs are low in India. Indian traders have a wealth of entrepreneurship, designs and experience, which enable them to produce and apparel of high quality. Changes in the policies of the Indian government have opened up the Indian economy to the outside world, which has led to a rise in exports. Indian textile firms are quick in making changes such as expanding their capacity and adopting new technology, keeping in view the growing demand for Indian apparel all over the world. India has a large source of cotton domestically. About 75% of India’s exports are cotton items.Reputed foreign traders like J.C. Penney, Wal-Mart, Gap, Marks & Spencer and others source apparel from India. No other country except for China can quite match the Indian textile industry. In the year 2005, after the abolition of the q
Read the Oil Analysis
You should be able to see a quick summary of the condition of your oil with a cursory glance at your oil analysis report. You should be able to see quickly the problem area in your unit, how bad the problem is, and a suggested course of action from the summary information provided in your oil analysis report.
Take a closer look at your oil analysis report. Understand that the oil analyst is looking at hundreds of samples every day and might become confused or misinterpret some details of your unit and its particulars. Knowing how to read your oil analysis report and knowing your machine will eliminate confusing results. When all else fails, read the oil analysis report carefully.
Analyzing the oil analysis report involves understanding the elements flowing in your oil and at what level. You will read the viscosity level of the oil sample; the water found in the oil; and the acid number (TAN) in your oil analysis report.
Read the Elements
Read the elements circulating in your oil. Some elements are supposed to be there. Other elements found in oil are picked up as the oil circulates and splashes on different components and surfaces of the machine. Some oil trash simply falls into the sump. No matter how the contaminates enter the oil, they are carried along within the oil and cause metal wear.
The key to oil analysis reports is the elemental analysis. There is a wealth of information on your oil analysis report about wear behavior, contaminates entering the system, and the service needed.
You should be asking questions as you read your oil analysis report: What does it all mean? Where is contaminant debris coming from in your unit? What am I looking for that will help me see what is happening inside my unit? Am I looking at suspended particles that are from the additives or from elements being picked up as the oil circulate, or from debris falling into the unit?
These elements are commonly the cause of component wear: iron, chromium, aluminum, copper, lead, tin, nickel, molybdenum, antimony, silver, titanium, and manganese. On your oil analysis report, some elements are single out such as copper or iron and given special attention.
Elements found in your oil sample are measured in parts per million (PPM) - a very small amount. A single PPM is equivalent to 0.0001%. To put that in perspective, it takes 10,000 PPM to equate to 1.0%. Concentrations seen in oil analysis reports will be from one PPM to several hundred PPMS.
Tests performed during an oil analysis to find the elements floating in your oil include an ICP Spectroscopy, Particle Count, FT-IR, and Analytical Ferrography.
The ICP Spectroscopy
This measures the concentration of wear metals, contaminant metals and additive metals. In a repeatable oil analysis test, a diluted oil sample is pulverized by inert gas (argon) to form an aerosol. This is magnetically induced to form plasma at 9000 degrees C. The high temperature causes metal ions to t
A manufacturing company with 120 staff historically bought their company vehicles from the local dealer who offered excellent service, choice and most importantly a large discount. The quantity of cars required at this stage was six and two vans, which they purchased from ex-demonstration stock.The company was experiencing a surge in production and as a result they had to manage cash flow tightly as expenditure on meeting the production deadlines was going out long before the products were being paid for. As a result the financial team looked at the accounts and decided to look at cost cutting across the business to sustain the cash until they got paid.One area that seemed to stand out as an obvious cut was company cars. The current cars were bought outright and part-exchanged after twelve months or when a new member of the team joined the company. The company employed contract workers who needed a car to travel to appointments and this was one area that could be changed to help improve the cash flow of the business.The financial director spoke to the dealer who identified a contract hire and leasing company who specialised in company vehicle finance
Read the elements circulating in your oil. Some elements are supposed to be there. Other elements found in oil are picked up as the oil circulates and splashes on different components and surfaces of the machine. Some oil trash simply falls into the sump. No matter how the contaminates enter the oil, they are carried along within the oil and cause metal wear.
The key to oil analysis reports is the elemental analysis. There is a wealth of information on your oil analysis report about wear behavior, contaminates entering the system, and the service needed.
You should be asking questions as you read your oil analysis report: What does it all mean? Where is contaminant debris coming from in your unit? What am I looking for that will help me see what is happening inside my unit? Am I looking at suspended particles that are from the additives or from elements being picked up as the oil circulate, or from debris falling into the unit?
These elements are commonly the cause of component wear: iron, chromium, aluminum, copper, lead, tin, nickel, molybdenum, antimony, silver, titanium, and manganese. On your oil analysis report, some elements are single out such as copper or iron and given special attention.
Elements found in your oil sample are measured in parts per million (PPM) - a very small amount. A single PPM is equivalent to 0.0001%. To put that in perspective, it takes 10,000 PPM to equate to 1.0%. Concentrations seen in oil analysis reports will be from one PPM to several hundred PPMS.
Tests performed during an oil analysis to find the elements floating in your oil include an ICP Spectroscopy, Particle Count, FT-IR, and Analytical Ferrography.
The ICP Spectroscopy
This measures the concentration of wear metals, contaminant metals and additive metals. In a repeatable oil analysis test, a diluted oil sample is pulverized by inert gas (argon) to form an aerosol. This is magnetically induced to form plasma at 9000 degrees C. The high temperature causes metal ions to t
5 Tips to Ensure You are Well Received by Your New Employer.Although you're throwing off the cap and gown and heading off to a corporate environment it doesn't mean you will no longer have to impress the ‘instructor' – so to speak. Now it's your boss you'll need to impress…wait a minute, not just the boss, but also a whole plethora of people in your new company.Pretty soon you'll be dreaming about the days you used to crawl out of the sack, throw on a sack and slip in to class just as things were starting to roll. As long as you did the reading, tossed in some good essays and passed the exams you were fine.So, now that you're not a student anymore, what's next?1st – show up! Yes, I mean show up for your job search. Maybe you were lucky enough to land a job while still in college, but if not this is the time that you need to put your research skills to the road. Get involved, highly involved in all things job related. Make sure you've got a well-written, up to date (fast reading layout) resume. If you're not sure about your resume have it reviewed by a professional resume writer. It is worth it. Pick several organizations to join and begi
Elements found in your oil sample are measured in parts per million (PPM) - a very small amount. A single PPM is equivalent to 0.0001%. To put that in perspective, it takes 10,000 PPM to equate to 1.0%. Concentrations seen in oil analysis reports will be from one PPM to several hundred PPMS.
Tests performed during an oil analysis to find the elements floating in your oil include an ICP Spectroscopy, Particle Count, FT-IR, and Analytical Ferrography.
The ICP Spectroscopy
This measures the concentration of wear metals, contaminant metals and additive metals. In a repeatable oil analysis test, a diluted oil sample is pulverized by inert gas (argon) to form an aerosol. This is magnetically induced to form plasma at 9000 degrees C. The high temperature causes metal ions to take on energy and release new energy in the form of photons. A spectrum with different wavelengths is created for each element. The instrument quantifies the amount of energy emitted and determines the concentration in parts per million (ppm) of 20 elements present in the sample
The Particle Count
This measures the size and quantity of particles in the oil sample and measured in microns using the Fluid Flow Decay Principle. Fluid Flow Decay Principle means oil is passed through a screen of known mesh size (10 microns) and the time taken to plug the screen is measured.
Wear on the machine, measured in microns, points to the amount of ferrous wear metals present in a sample. Large Ferrous is a measure of particles greater than 5 microns and represents abnormal wear. Small ferrous is a measure of particles less than 5 micron and represents normal rubbing wear.
The FT-IR
This measures the chemical composition of the oil sample and gives an overall degradation of oil. Every element has a unique infrared signature. The key signature of oil is monitored by using a Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectrometer. These signatures are usually common contaminants and degradation by-products unique for a particular lubricant.
Analytical Ferrography
This allows an oil analyst examine wear particles present in a sample visually. Oil samples are passed over a glass slide where ferrous wear particles in the oil come to the surface because of the magnetic plate that attracts the ferrous particles. The particles line up forming a ferrogram. A trained oil analyst can visually determine the severity of wear on the unit using a microscope to classify the particles according to size, shape, and metallurgy.
Read the Viscosity
Viscosity is the most important physical property of oil. Viscosity testing measures oil’s resistance to flow at a particular temperature. A viscometer is the measuring tool. A “U” Shaped tube holds the oil. The tube is submerged in a steady temperature bath. As the oil warms, it flows down the tube and up the other side. The number of seconds the oil takes to flow through is measured. Viscosity in centistokes (cSt) is the seconds multiplied by the tube factor. An abnormal viscosity of (+-15%) is a sign there is a problem.
Increases in oil viscosity may be due to the effect of oxidation, contamination, or an addition of a higher viscosity product. Increases in viscosity are a concern, but decreases in viscosity are a greater concern. Decreases in viscosity may occur due to some type of diluting contamination, mechanical shearing of viscosity index or the addition of viscosity products. Decreases in viscosity are critical because they will rapidly produce wear. Lower viscosity levels may be due to water contamination.
Read the Water
Water contamination is a common problem in many systems. This is a rare problem in engines due to high temperatures. In non-engines however, water is a frequent problem.
The Karl Fischer Water Test is used in oil analysis because of its precision. Water contamination is often visible because of the cloud or milky composition caused by oil and water emulsion.
Water problems may come from cooling systems, condensation, environmental issues, or cleaning solutions. Measuring moisture content in some oils with metallic additives causing false reports when there is little or no water present. When in doubt use another test.
Read the Acid
The acid number is useful in monitoring acid build up in oils due to oxidation degradation. An oil analyst must know that the baseline acid value is of the new oil used to determine when the acid number (TAN) has increased to a point where it is time for an oil change. When your oil analysis is red flagged for high acid levels, the oil must be changed or “sweetened” with an addition of a new product. High acid will promote oxidation and eventually corrode metal.
Understanding your oil analysis reports will allow you to get the most out of your Oil Analysis Program. When all els
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