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Member You - Enquiry into the Personal Maladjustment Pattern Among Alcoholics Following De-addiction Treatment
The fifth chakra, namely the throat chakra called Vishuddha in Sanskrit, is located on the throat and neck where another muscle rigidity gives the shoulders their second slouch in the form of a droop as well as a habitual bend to the neck stopping the head from being held high.It creates havoc!It pulls the third eye down and robs vision and mind of their focus. It also pulls the crown chakra down and the dynamic focus out. It pulls the Bindu chakra to a shrunk eyebrow. It contracts the 2nd vertebra too. What more, it also contracts the solar plexus, the abdomen, and the pelvis! Still this is not what the on-off switch is. But it sure is a culprit!Why do we live life with the shoulders drooping and the head held low? We do not have enough energy to keep them high?Why?We keep losing it in providing it to maintain the muscular contractions all through our body. The effect of what it is a cause of, too! It turns into a vicious circle. The cause and the effect reinforcing each other! The scapulae get stretched in a distorted way. They exert their pull on the neck also which gets distorted in ano
Considering the mean scores on general maladjustment among the three groups over a period of three years, (refer graph) experimental groups were found scoring lower on general maladjustment compared to the control group.
Irrespective of treatments, Experimental Group 1(attending AA meetings regularly), Experimental Group 2 (practicing relaxation) and the control group show reduction in general maladjustment in the first two months of treatment. But among the Ss in the experimental groups, general maladjustment comes down further. This can be a general effect of the treatment given to these groups. It should also be noted that significant level of interaction has been found to exist between treatment and duration, which influences the scores on general maladjustment.
Insert Graph
While attending the different educational sessions and group meetings in AA, one obtains more insight in to his problems and learns better coping strategies to situation which previously evoked situations of general maladjustment. Mutual trust and caring, unconditional surrender before the Almighty and frank discussions of emotional, social and adjustment problems which are unique to AA should have brought down S`s scores on general maladjustment. The twelve steps followed by AA, give much concern to the feelings of others. It encourages one to make a list of whomever he h
Some people have the “magic touch” when it comes to creating relationships and new business opportunities. Others seem to struggle.What sets the two camps apart? It’s the way we communicate and the language we use.Some people seem to have the knack for effective business communications like networking, sales, or customer relations. For the rest, it seems that there’s a rather steep learning curve standing in the way of consistent and predictable interpersonal communication effectiveness.That’s a mouthful, so let’s look at it like this.We want to be able to say the right thing… or ask the right question at the right time. Just think... the possibilities would be endless.The learning curve may be unavoidable, but it doesn’t have to remain as steep.There is a systematized approach to effective business communication called the “Language of Success™.” The language of success helps the user say the right thing and ask the right question… at the right time.Although this language of success is not secret, it may as well be.We’re not taught this way of communicating in our schools, and very few parents know enough about the language of success to be able to pass it along to the next ge
Studies have reveled that alcoholics” families acquire certain typical coping strategies within the family system (Orford et.al., 1975, Glassner and Loughlin, 1987). This invariably evokes further stress, feelings of hopelessness, withdrawnness and depression in alcoholics. Thus, a vicious cycle of alcohol, stress and maladjustment is found to exist. In the post de-addiction treatment phase, this situation is expected to change. The treatment as such and its positive outcome should bring in a new atmosphere to the family. In spite of differences, all treatment modalities for de-addiction aims at improved family relations and better social adjustments. A positive change in adjustment skills is necessary to keep the person sober after treatment. Psychotherapy, practice of relaxation, family counseling, rehabilitation counseling, and group therapies are deferent methods of attaining this goal. Do these techniques work in the long run? Does participation in Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) meetings modify a person’s adjustment skills?
The present study therefore attempts to investigate the nature of change in Maladjustment among alcoholic patients in the immediate three years following de-addiction treatment.
OBJECTIVES
The central theme of the present investigation is to study the nature of maladjustment among alcoholics in the immediate three years following de-addiction treatment.
1. To find out maladjustment among alcoholics in the immediate three years following de-addiction treatment.
2. To find out whether deferent treatment methods, viz. regular attendance to AA meetings and practice of relaxation are effective in modifying the maladjustment patterns present in alcoholics in the immediate three years following de-addiction treatment.
SAMPLE
Sample of the study consisted of 166 male alcoholics admitted in deferent de_addiction centers in Kerala. Their age ranged from 26 to 53 (mean 34, SD12.5). All subjects belonged to middle socio economic class. Duration of alcohol consumption ranged from 4 to 23 yrs. (mean 14.5, SD 9.6)
TOOLS
Mathew Maladjustment Inventory
Mathew maladjustment inventory (MMI), assesses five major aspects of maladjustment viz., anxiety, depression, mania, inferiority, and paranoia. The test is reported to have high degree of content validity. The coefficient of reliability (split half) of the subscales ranged from 0.6 to 0.9, the total score having a reliability of 0.9 (Mathew, 1975)
RESEARCH DESIGN
Present investigation is an experimental study with two independent variables and a dependent variable. First independent variable is the participation Ss in AA meetings, Second independent variable is the Relaxation training given to the Ss.Dependent variable is General Maladjustment.
A sample of 166 alcoholics who were admitted for de-addiction treatment was chosen for the study. Out of the sample,60 Ss were randomly assigned to the first group ( Exp Gr.1,regular participation in AA meetings) ,another 60 Ss were randomly assigned to the second group (Exp Gr.2, regular practice of relaxation).The second group was given training on relaxation techniques, viz. Jacobson’s relaxation and Benson`s relaxation, and were advised to continue it regularly. Rest of the sample, (n 46) were kept as control group.
MMI was administered to the whole sample at the time of admission and base line data on maladjustment was obtained. During the study, Ss were assessed on maladjustment, after 2 months, 1 year, 2 year and 3 year periods. The final sample consisted of only those subjects who were regular for follow-ups. Exp Gr.1, Exp Gr.2, and control group for final analysis consisted of 46, 48, and 32 Ss respectively. It may be noted that the size were 60, 60, and 46 respectively for the three groups.
3 X 5 Univariate analysis was conducted on scores on maladjustment among the three groups during the three year period. A graph was plotted.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
Results are presented in tables 1 and 2.There is no significant difference among groups on their scores on general maladjustment. However the scores were found varying significantly across duration of treatment. (F=72.5, P<0.01). Interaction between treatment and duration was also found significant. (F=3, P<0.01).
The three groups do not vary significantly on general maladjustment. This result reveals that the two treatments given, viz. regular attendance to AA meetings and practice of relaxation do not influence Sis scores differently. Irrespective of treatments, the three groups vary significantly on their scores on general maladjustment across time. This shows that there is significant reduction in general maladjustment following de-addiction treatment. The interaction between treatment and duration was found to be significant. Treatment has interacted with duration to bring down general maladjustment over a period of three years.
Insert Table 1 & Table 2
Considering the mean scores on general maladjustment among the three groups over a period of three years, (refer graph) experimental groups were found scoring lower on general maladjustment compared to the control group.
Irrespective of treatments, Experimental Group 1(attending AA meetings regularly), Experimental Group 2 (practicing relaxation) and the control group show reduction in general maladjustment in the first two months of treatment. But among the Ss in the experimental groups, general maladjustment comes down further. This can be a general effect of the treatment given to these groups. It should also be noted that significant level of interaction has been found to exist between treatment and duration, which influences the scores on general maladjustment.
Insert Graph
While attending the different educational sessions and group meetings in AA, one obtains more insight in to his problems and learns better coping strategies to situation which previously evoked situations of general maladjustment. Mutual trust and caring, unconditional surrender before the Almighty and frank discussions of emotional, social and adjustment problems which are unique to AA should have brought down S`s scores on general maladjustment. The twelve steps followed by AA, give much concern to the feelings of others. It encourages one to make a list of whomever he ha
Land Contract Houses in MichiganLand contract houses in Michigan are one option to think about if you want to either buy or sell real estate.Many states do not have favorable land contract laws, but Michigan is one that does, which is why such a significant percentage of real estate transactions in this state are done via land contract.Especially popular are (FSBO) homes for sale by owner land contract Michigan.A land contract is sometimes called a "contract for deed." This simply a contract between the owner (seller) and buyer. The price is negotiated and agreed upon upfront.Land contracts give the buyer ownership of the property -- stated differently, the seller gives the buyer equitable title. Payments are made in installments, not all at once.After all the payments have been made, the seller must then legally hand over the deed to the property.So, what are the advantages for land contracts?Well, for starters, closing costs and other fees are, generally speaking, quite a bit lower with land contracts. Typical mortgage loans cost more due to third party fees.Land contracts help sellers move their property in a soft market, help buyers by lowering t
The present study therefore attempts to investigate the nature of change in Maladjustment among alcoholic patients in the immediate three years following de-addiction treatment.
OBJECTIVES
The central theme of the present investigation is to study the nature of maladjustment among alcoholics in the immediate three years following de-addiction treatment.
1. To find out maladjustment among alcoholics in the immediate three years following de-addiction treatment.
2. To find out whether deferent treatment methods, viz. regular attendance to AA meetings and practice of relaxation are effective in modifying the maladjustment patterns present in alcoholics in the immediate three years following de-addiction treatment.
SAMPLE
Sample of the study consisted of 166 male alcoholics admitted in deferent de_addiction centers in Kerala. Their age ranged from 26 to 53 (mean 34, SD12.5). All subjects belonged to middle socio economic class. Duration of alcohol consumption ranged from 4 to 23 yrs. (mean 14.5, SD 9.6)
TOOLS
Mathew Maladjustment Inventory
Mathew maladjustment inventory (MMI), assesses five major aspects of maladjustment viz., anxiety, depression, mania, inferiority, and paranoia. The test is reported to have high degree of content validity. The coefficient of reliability (split half) of the subscales ranged from 0.6 to 0.9, the total score having a reliability of 0.9 (Mathew, 1975)
RESEARCH DESIGN
Present investigation is an experimental study with two independent variables and a dependent variable. First independent variable is the participation Ss in AA meetings, Second independent variable is the Relaxation training given to the Ss.Dependent variable is General Maladjustment.
A sample of 166 alcoholics who were admitted for de-addiction treatment was chosen for the study. Out of the sample,60 Ss were randomly assigned to the first group ( Exp Gr.1,regular participation in AA meetings) ,another 60 Ss were randomly assigned to the second group (Exp Gr.2, regular practice of relaxation).The second group was given training on relaxation techniques, viz. Jacobson’s relaxation and Benson`s relaxation, and were advised to continue it regularly. Rest of the sample, (n 46) were kept as control group.
MMI was administered to the whole sample at the time of admission and base line data on maladjustment was obtained. During the study, Ss were assessed on maladjustment, after 2 months, 1 year, 2 year and 3 year periods. The final sample consisted of only those subjects who were regular for follow-ups. Exp Gr.1, Exp Gr.2, and control group for final analysis consisted of 46, 48, and 32 Ss respectively. It may be noted that the size were 60, 60, and 46 respectively for the three groups.
3 X 5 Univariate analysis was conducted on scores on maladjustment among the three groups during the three year period. A graph was plotted.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
Results are presented in tables 1 and 2.There is no significant difference among groups on their scores on general maladjustment. However the scores were found varying significantly across duration of treatment. (F=72.5, P<0.01). Interaction between treatment and duration was also found significant. (F=3, P<0.01).
The three groups do not vary significantly on general maladjustment. This result reveals that the two treatments given, viz. regular attendance to AA meetings and practice of relaxation do not influence Sis scores differently. Irrespective of treatments, the three groups vary significantly on their scores on general maladjustment across time. This shows that there is significant reduction in general maladjustment following de-addiction treatment. The interaction between treatment and duration was found to be significant. Treatment has interacted with duration to bring down general maladjustment over a period of three years.
Insert Table 1 & Table 2
Considering the mean scores on general maladjustment among the three groups over a period of three years, (refer graph) experimental groups were found scoring lower on general maladjustment compared to the control group.
Irrespective of treatments, Experimental Group 1(attending AA meetings regularly), Experimental Group 2 (practicing relaxation) and the control group show reduction in general maladjustment in the first two months of treatment. But among the Ss in the experimental groups, general maladjustment comes down further. This can be a general effect of the treatment given to these groups. It should also be noted that significant level of interaction has been found to exist between treatment and duration, which influences the scores on general maladjustment.
Insert Graph
While attending the different educational sessions and group meetings in AA, one obtains more insight in to his problems and learns better coping strategies to situation which previously evoked situations of general maladjustment. Mutual trust and caring, unconditional surrender before the Almighty and frank discussions of emotional, social and adjustment problems which are unique to AA should have brought down S`s scores on general maladjustment. The twelve steps followed by AA, give much concern to the feelings of others. It encourages one to make a list of whomever he h
Logo DesignA logo is a symbol that represents a particular company or a brand. Logos are a very important since they help in attracting customers. Remember that your logo is a business tool. The logo you have represents your very company. How it appears tells the potential customers what kind of business you have.Your logo design should be unique, functional, and effective regardless of the size and attractive regardless of the color. It should also represent the brand/company image well. The ultimate purpose is for the people to recognize your logo and associate yourself with it. Make sure that your chosen logo stands out in the crowd.A company’s logo should avoid complicated and intricate designs. Too complex a design hinders rapid visual identification and thereby defeats the purpose of the unique identification associated with the company’s logo. A busy, intricate logo may look wonderful but when the same logo is reduced in size for use on a business card it may become a meaningless blob of ink. Keep it simple and clean. Also, avoid using too many colors, highlights, special effects, etc. Most companies wish to use their logo for more than just a single application. Complex designs and c
RESEARCH DESIGN
Present investigation is an experimental study with two independent variables and a dependent variable. First independent variable is the participation Ss in AA meetings, Second independent variable is the Relaxation training given to the Ss.Dependent variable is General Maladjustment.
A sample of 166 alcoholics who were admitted for de-addiction treatment was chosen for the study. Out of the sample,60 Ss were randomly assigned to the first group ( Exp Gr.1,regular participation in AA meetings) ,another 60 Ss were randomly assigned to the second group (Exp Gr.2, regular practice of relaxation).The second group was given training on relaxation techniques, viz. Jacobson’s relaxation and Benson`s relaxation, and were advised to continue it regularly. Rest of the sample, (n 46) were kept as control group.
MMI was administered to the whole sample at the time of admission and base line data on maladjustment was obtained. During the study, Ss were assessed on maladjustment, after 2 months, 1 year, 2 year and 3 year periods. The final sample consisted of only those subjects who were regular for follow-ups. Exp Gr.1, Exp Gr.2, and control group for final analysis consisted of 46, 48, and 32 Ss respectively. It may be noted that the size were 60, 60, and 46 respectively for the three groups.
3 X 5 Univariate analysis was conducted on scores on maladjustment among the three groups during the three year period. A graph was plotted.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
Results are presented in tables 1 and 2.There is no significant difference among groups on their scores on general maladjustment. However the scores were found varying significantly across duration of treatment. (F=72.5, P<0.01). Interaction between treatment and duration was also found significant. (F=3, P<0.01).
The three groups do not vary significantly on general maladjustment. This result reveals that the two treatments given, viz. regular attendance to AA meetings and practice of relaxation do not influence Sis scores differently. Irrespective of treatments, the three groups vary significantly on their scores on general maladjustment across time. This shows that there is significant reduction in general maladjustment following de-addiction treatment. The interaction between treatment and duration was found to be significant. Treatment has interacted with duration to bring down general maladjustment over a period of three years.
Insert Table 1 & Table 2
Considering the mean scores on general maladjustment among the three groups over a period of three years, (refer graph) experimental groups were found scoring lower on general maladjustment compared to the control group.
Irrespective of treatments, Experimental Group 1(attending AA meetings regularly), Experimental Group 2 (practicing relaxation) and the control group show reduction in general maladjustment in the first two months of treatment. But among the Ss in the experimental groups, general maladjustment comes down further. This can be a general effect of the treatment given to these groups. It should also be noted that significant level of interaction has been found to exist between treatment and duration, which influences the scores on general maladjustment.
Insert Graph
While attending the different educational sessions and group meetings in AA, one obtains more insight in to his problems and learns better coping strategies to situation which previously evoked situations of general maladjustment. Mutual trust and caring, unconditional surrender before the Almighty and frank discussions of emotional, social and adjustment problems which are unique to AA should have brought down S`s scores on general maladjustment. The twelve steps followed by AA, give much concern to the feelings of others. It encourages one to make a list of whomever he h
Repetition is the key to getting your adverts and promotion efforts noticed but when does repetition become over saturation which inevitably leads to boredom? Boredom and apathy. This is one of the biggest challenges you'll face when promoting your site in the hit exchanges. So how do you cut through this and get people to read your message and take an interest in what you're advertising?There are three tips listed below on how to make your site stand out and draw people in to see what you're offering, but before reading and applying them, you might find it useful to ask yourself this question: What would make a fellow surfer visit my site even if the incentive of getting a visitor back to their page didn't exist?This last point is pivotal to successful hit exchange promotion. The "What's In It For Me?" (WIIFM) factor has already been satisfied to a large extent, by the fact that the people that visit your page will be getting a guaranteed hit back to theirs. You need to work hard to fuel their desire, interest and curiosity even more!So whilst using the tips listed in this article, try and shape your hit exchange promotion with this in mind. It will help you to come up with the biggest benefits t
3 X 5 Univariate analysis was conducted on scores on maladjustment among the three groups during the three year period. A graph was plotted.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
Results are presented in tables 1 and 2.There is no significant difference among groups on their scores on general maladjustment. However the scores were found varying significantly across duration of treatment. (F=72.5, P<0.01). Interaction between treatment and duration was also found significant. (F=3, P<0.01).
The three groups do not vary significantly on general maladjustment. This result reveals that the two treatments given, viz. regular attendance to AA meetings and practice of relaxation do not influence Sis scores differently. Irrespective of treatments, the three groups vary significantly on their scores on general maladjustment across time. This shows that there is significant reduction in general maladjustment following de-addiction treatment. The interaction between treatment and duration was found to be significant. Treatment has interacted with duration to bring down general maladjustment over a period of three years.
Insert Table 1 & Table 2
Considering the mean scores on general maladjustment among the three groups over a period of three years, (refer graph) experimental groups were found scoring lower on general maladjustment compared to the control group.
Irrespective of treatments, Experimental Group 1(attending AA meetings regularly), Experimental Group 2 (practicing relaxation) and the control group show reduction in general maladjustment in the first two months of treatment. But among the Ss in the experimental groups, general maladjustment comes down further. This can be a general effect of the treatment given to these groups. It should also be noted that significant level of interaction has been found to exist between treatment and duration, which influences the scores on general maladjustment.
Insert Graph
While attending the different educational sessions and group meetings in AA, one obtains more insight in to his problems and learns better coping strategies to situation which previously evoked situations of general maladjustment. Mutual trust and caring, unconditional surrender before the Almighty and frank discussions of emotional, social and adjustment problems which are unique to AA should have brought down S`s scores on general maladjustment. The twelve steps followed by AA, give much concern to the feelings of others. It encourages one to make a list of whomever he h
If you are facing a mountain of debt in the form of pending bills, now there are a number of lending companies which are ready to offer a helping hand. They would provide you with bill consolidation loans. This would help you consolidate your bills and then pay them back gradually with the help of the new loans. This also saves you from the hassle of making multiple payments.There is still competition in the market of bill consolidation loans. Some loans are offered with little to no interest rate! But why would someone give you a free loan, especially if you are already facing a mountain of debt? The lesson to be learned from this statement is clear: if someone offers you a bill consolidation loan at an astonishingly low interest rate, look out for the hidden costs.The advantage of taking a bill consolidation loan is that it not only helps you get the additional money you need to pay back some of your urgent bills, but it also helps you to manage your debts in a better way. Another plus point of a bill consolidation loan is that it is not very difficult to get an unsecured loan under this category. Generally the entity that provides you with this loan also advises you about managing your debt, consolidating your
Considering the mean scores on general maladjustment among the three groups over a period of three years, (refer graph) experimental groups were found scoring lower on general maladjustment compared to the control group.
Irrespective of treatments, Experimental Group 1(attending AA meetings regularly), Experimental Group 2 (practicing relaxation) and the control group show reduction in general maladjustment in the first two months of treatment. But among the Ss in the experimental groups, general maladjustment comes down further. This can be a general effect of the treatment given to these groups. It should also be noted that significant level of interaction has been found to exist between treatment and duration, which influences the scores on general maladjustment.
Insert Graph
While attending the different educational sessions and group meetings in AA, one obtains more insight in to his problems and learns better coping strategies to situation which previously evoked situations of general maladjustment. Mutual trust and caring, unconditional surrender before the Almighty and frank discussions of emotional, social and adjustment problems which are unique to AA should have brought down S`s scores on general maladjustment. The twelve steps followed by AA, give much concern to the feelings of others. It encourages one to make a list of whomever he has harmed and to make amends to them. This attitude which is a unique feature of AA also accounts for reduction of maladjustments.
Relaxation on the other hand influences general maladjustment from a different angle. Matteson and Ivancevich (1980), has reported that by practicing relaxation, a person begins to realize how all are alike beneath their various customs and roles. He feels like being nicer to people and to be interested in fellow human beings. The benefit is that the person feels good about himself because he feels this way towards other people. Thus adjustment difficulties gradually disappear. According to Noshpitz (1990), relaxation techniques are directed towards the person’s state of arousal, which helps to manage anxiety, anger or other aspects of maladjustment. Relaxation brings down the autonomous arousal and hence improves the adjustment skills.
CONCLUSIONS
A general trend of reduction in general maladjustment was noted following de addiction treatment. Attendance to AA meetings and practice of relaxation were not found independently effective in managing general maladjustment among alcoholic patient who underwent de addiction treatment. Interaction between treatments and duration was found to be significantly reducing general maladjustment.
REFERENCES
GLASSNER, B and LOUGHLIN, B. (1987) Drugs in Adolescent Worlds: Burnout to Straight, London: Macmillan Press,
MATTESON, M.T.andIVANCEVICH, J.M, (1987) Individual Stress management interventions: Evaluation of techniques, Journal of Managerial Psychology, 2(1) 24-30.
MATHEW, V.G, (1975) Manual of Mathew Maladjustment Inventory, Department of Psychology, University of Kerala.
Noshpitz, J.D, (1990) Treatment for Stress-related Disorders, In: NOSHPITZ, J.D, and CODDINGTON (Eds.) Stressors and Adjustment Disorders. (New York: john Willey and Sons)
ORFORD,J, GUTHRIE,S, NICHOLLS,P, OPPENHEIMER,E, EGERT,S,and HENSMAN,C,( 1975) Self reported coping behavior of wives of alcoholics and its association with drinking out come. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 36-1254-67
Table 1
Means and SDs of the three groups on general maladjustment at different durations of treatment
Group N Baseline 2 months 1 year 2 years 3 years
mean SD mean SD mean SD mean SD mean SD
Exp. Group 1 46 14.5 2.6 13.8 3.6 11 2.7 10.8 2.2 10.8 2.2
Exp. Group 1 48 14.7 2.9 13.3 2.7 12.3 2.6 11.6 2.6 10.7 1.6
Control Group 32 14.7 2.7 13.3 2.6 12.5 2.9 12 2.2 12.2 2.4
Table 2
3x5 Univariate F tests conducted on scores on general maladjustment at different durations of treatment
Source Hypo. Ss DF Error Ss DF Hypo. MS Error MS F
Among Groups (A) 53.5 2 2466.7 123 26.8 20 1.3 NS
Among
intervals(B)
1037.5 4 1760.2 492 259.4 3.6 72.5 **
Interaction (A&B) 86.5 8 1760.2 492 10.8 3.6 3
**P<0.01 NS- Not Significant
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