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Member You - Tips for Designing ZigBee Applications
Network marketing strategy is all about achieving success in the network marketing business that you create for yourself. And that means working in your time and space and ways that you feel comfortable in. More often than not, people don’t like their 9 to 5 jobs at all. But they do want to earn substantially well. This does sound like a contradiction in terms, but is entirely possible provided you have a well thought out network marketing strategy in place.Normal people like you and me are earning large incomes through the right network marketing strategy and are leading their dream lives – working from their home or own office at their own pace and in their own time, giving as much time to their family as they want to. This can be made real only through proper network marketing strategy.In this day of the World Wide Web all people and all endeavors are connected by hyper technology. You can be residing in one country and working happily for a company in another, and managing your downline spread over three continents. Yes, the scope of network marketing today is this wide! All you need to manage the whole show is a great network marketing strategy.Most network marketing companies and their distributors educate and support their downline well. This has become easier than ever before through the use of the Internet. As a new age network marketer, you must fully utilize the potential that technology offers, by achieving more in less time and by communicating to your downline more effectively. In this way you can take your network marketing strategy to newer heights.Network marketing has become all the easier with companies dealing more and more in products and services that the average person uses. Simply create a strong downline of success-oriented people and you can re
The final architecture task is to completely define your ZigBee network structure. The ZigBee standard supports multiple topologies for you to choose from. These include mesh, star, and cluster tree network configurations, which are shown in Figure 1.
The typical ZigBee network configuration is comprised of low power reduced function end point devices, generally called sensors. The sensors communicate with full function network control devices that handle the routing of packets over the network.
ZigBee radios can be implemented in several RF bands. Those operating in the 2.4 – 2.48 GHz band are the most common since this is the only
There is a sharp division of opinion in Latvia right now about whether or not Latvia’s economy can keep growing at the record rates it is and whether real estate as a sector of the economy will keep outpacing all other nation’s property markets. On the one hand the government of Latvia believes it is doing everything correctly to ensure wages rise and living standards improve so that Latvia competes with its Western European Union counterparts and on the other hand you have economists warning that the government’s eye is not on the right ball and as a result the economy is dangerously overheating.On the positive front there are a number of factors to suggest that property prices will keep rising. Firstly, in the third quarter of 2006 the Latvia Statistics Bureau recorded GDP growth of 11.9% and in the same quarter international property experts Knight Frank returning figures indicating that Latvia’s property market was the most successful in the world in terms of percentage growth as it expanded by an incredible 39.2%.Driving GDP growth are rising wages and driving property market growth is the fact that local buyers are putting their increased affluence to ‘good use’ and buying property. To aide and abet the property hungry locals Latvia has a recently developed sophisticated mortgage market and this is allowing more and more consumers to be able to afford to buy their own homes.Going forward the government’s commitment is wholly focused on raising wages and living standards as stated previously, and to that end they have introduced taxation incentives for people to invest in Latvia, they have 4 free trade zones across the country offering international businesses many tax breaks and they are promoting the country’s emerging financial sector widely.For a property in
The tips presented here can’t answer all of these questions for everybody, but they will provide a tutorial for the development of your ZigBee application.
The first and perhaps most important step in developing your application is to determine whether ZigBee is appropriate for your product. The ZigBee radio standard boasts many advantages over other wireless options. With a public ZigBee profile and conformant platform, interoperability with other vendor devices is assured. ZigBee was defined to support extremely low power and remarkably long battery life. But the ZigBee data rates are low relative to other wireless options. And while substantially smaller than Bluetooth or 802.11/WiFi, the ZigBee stack is not a simple piece of software.
After deciding that you want to develop a ZigBee application, you must choose a ZigBee provider partner. A ZigBee partner will supply the ZigBee stack software along with a radio chip and baseband microcontroller. Historically, these have been two chip solutions. Recently, though, vendors have been introducing single chip ZigBee devices with plenty of additional resources to support your application code. A quality ZigBee partner will also supply you with continual updates on the most recent features.
Several ZigBee providers are available, and each has invested many person-years of development to arrive at their ZigBee solution. In choosing a partner, you should consider technical aspects (the cost vs. capability of their chipset, supported features) and business aspects of the provider (company history, licensing costs, technical support). The ZigBee providers will also want to know about you – information such as your previous product development experience and the number of devices that you plan to sell. When this exchange of information is complete, you should rather quickly be able to find a ZigBee provider willing to collaborate on your application.
After you have chosen a ZigBee provider, you must then decide how to implement the ZigBee radio – as a module connected to the rest of the system or as a chip integrated into the circuitry of your board.
Using a ZigBee radio module offers many advantages. A module usually leads to a shorter development cycle. The RF design is already done for you – so you don’t need to become an RF expert. In addition, a module may carry FCC Modular Approval, which means you won’t have to take your product through the FCC’s intentional radiator approval process.
Disadvantages to using a ZigBee radio module versus an integrated ZigBee chip include a higher per-unit product cost. A module design also requires more physical space inside the housing and imposes more constraints on the industrial design of the product. What’s more, a module may have limited antenna options, which may be unsuitable for your product.
The final architecture task is to completely define your ZigBee network structure. The ZigBee standard supports multiple topologies for you to choose from. These include mesh, star, and cluster tree network configurations, which are shown in Figure 1.
The typical ZigBee network configuration is comprised of low power reduced function end point devices, generally called sensors. The sensors communicate with full function network control devices that handle the routing of packets over the network.
ZigBee radios can be implemented in several RF bands. Those operating in the 2.4 – 2.48 GHz band are the most common since this is the only R
Have you ever seen an ad on television that was beautiful, slick, and stylish but didn’t fit the product? How about a magazine ad that, though gorgeously photographed, didn’t make it clear what was being sold? Or have you heard a catchy radio ad that neglected to give contact information? If you pay attention, you’ll notice these money-wasting advertisements in all types of media.If a corporation puts out a bad advertisement, the marketing department will have the resources and budget to make a mid-course correction (sometimes). Often the thousands of dollars a small business puts into an advertising promotion are the bulk of the marketing budget for the entire year (usually). There’s no money, time or resources for a do-over if the ad doesn’t bring in customers. Small business people simply can’t afford to spend money on expensive ads that don’t work.Preparing an effective ad is harder than it looks, but even the smallest business can produce an ad that works if some simple rules are followed. Following are four tips you can use to create a great ad for your business, regardless of your budget, marketing experience, or the media used:1. State the Product or Service ClearlyMake it absolutely clear what product or service you are selling. Keep it simple and honest. Instead of advertising “meticulously crafted, threaded fastening accessories” just say, “best steel wing nuts.” Don’t make it hard for the customer to pinpoint what you’re selling and don’t overdo the flowery descriptions.2. Use a Call-For-Action PhraseForgetting the call-for-action is the biggest mistake I see in small business advertising. A call-for-action is a short sentence telling the customer how to get the product or service, such as “call us for a free sample,” “order online at www.myweb
After deciding that you want to develop a ZigBee application, you must choose a ZigBee provider partner. A ZigBee partner will supply the ZigBee stack software along with a radio chip and baseband microcontroller. Historically, these have been two chip solutions. Recently, though, vendors have been introducing single chip ZigBee devices with plenty of additional resources to support your application code. A quality ZigBee partner will also supply you with continual updates on the most recent features.
Several ZigBee providers are available, and each has invested many person-years of development to arrive at their ZigBee solution. In choosing a partner, you should consider technical aspects (the cost vs. capability of their chipset, supported features) and business aspects of the provider (company history, licensing costs, technical support). The ZigBee providers will also want to know about you – information such as your previous product development experience and the number of devices that you plan to sell. When this exchange of information is complete, you should rather quickly be able to find a ZigBee provider willing to collaborate on your application.
After you have chosen a ZigBee provider, you must then decide how to implement the ZigBee radio – as a module connected to the rest of the system or as a chip integrated into the circuitry of your board.
Using a ZigBee radio module offers many advantages. A module usually leads to a shorter development cycle. The RF design is already done for you – so you don’t need to become an RF expert. In addition, a module may carry FCC Modular Approval, which means you won’t have to take your product through the FCC’s intentional radiator approval process.
Disadvantages to using a ZigBee radio module versus an integrated ZigBee chip include a higher per-unit product cost. A module design also requires more physical space inside the housing and imposes more constraints on the industrial design of the product. What’s more, a module may have limited antenna options, which may be unsuitable for your product.
The final architecture task is to completely define your ZigBee network structure. The ZigBee standard supports multiple topologies for you to choose from. These include mesh, star, and cluster tree network configurations, which are shown in Figure 1.
The typical ZigBee network configuration is comprised of low power reduced function end point devices, generally called sensors. The sensors communicate with full function network control devices that handle the routing of packets over the network.
ZigBee radios can be implemented in several RF bands. Those operating in the 2.4 – 2.48 GHz band are the most common since this is the only
If you've ever held a brainstorming session to come up with new product names, you know that it is usually not hard to get people to attend. In fact, such meetings generally start off with a lot of enthusiasm and elation. This quickly fades though as the cold reality sets in. Naming a new product is really difficult.Naming a product is about as close as you can get to having a root canal without going to the dentist. Even done well with an expert team, it's an exercise in pain, frustration, and disappointment.Nevertheless, there are some things you should know about the process.First of all, get a reality check on how important a product name really is. Some people tend to think that it's a life and death matter, others rate it as inconsequential, and the truth is probably somewhere in between. Having a great name is a definite asset. Having a poor name is a major liability. But in the area between, there is probably not much difference as to whether a product has a good name or a mediocre name.Second, it is vital that you enlist the support of some legal experts, perhaps an on-staff paralegal or an attorney with expertise in trademark registration. They will tell you that you cannot trademark descriptive names. For instance, if you ran a chain of motels, you could not trademark the name Motel. By the same token, you can't call your new drug Cholesterol Pill or your new heart monitor Heart Monitor.Fanciful names are best. Fanciful is a legal word for "made up." Pharmaceutical companies do this all of the time as they invent not only drugs but totally new words as product names. Viagra® is a made-up name; so is Aleve® and Tylenol® and Lipitor®. Some of these words sound so normal to our ears it's hard to believe that they were literally crafted, made up by somebod
Several ZigBee providers are available, and each has invested many person-years of development to arrive at their ZigBee solution. In choosing a partner, you should consider technical aspects (the cost vs. capability of their chipset, supported features) and business aspects of the provider (company history, licensing costs, technical support). The ZigBee providers will also want to know about you – information such as your previous product development experience and the number of devices that you plan to sell. When this exchange of information is complete, you should rather quickly be able to find a ZigBee provider willing to collaborate on your application.
After you have chosen a ZigBee provider, you must then decide how to implement the ZigBee radio – as a module connected to the rest of the system or as a chip integrated into the circuitry of your board.
Using a ZigBee radio module offers many advantages. A module usually leads to a shorter development cycle. The RF design is already done for you – so you don’t need to become an RF expert. In addition, a module may carry FCC Modular Approval, which means you won’t have to take your product through the FCC’s intentional radiator approval process.
Disadvantages to using a ZigBee radio module versus an integrated ZigBee chip include a higher per-unit product cost. A module design also requires more physical space inside the housing and imposes more constraints on the industrial design of the product. What’s more, a module may have limited antenna options, which may be unsuitable for your product.
The final architecture task is to completely define your ZigBee network structure. The ZigBee standard supports multiple topologies for you to choose from. These include mesh, star, and cluster tree network configurations, which are shown in Figure 1.
The typical ZigBee network configuration is comprised of low power reduced function end point devices, generally called sensors. The sensors communicate with full function network control devices that handle the routing of packets over the network.
ZigBee radios can be implemented in several RF bands. Those operating in the 2.4 – 2.48 GHz band are the most common since this is the only
Forming methods of ceramics are sometimes classified as wet or dry. Dry forming refers to pressing operations from dry or perhaps damp powders. Wet forming includes slip casting and plastic forming methods. For a review of industrial forming methods see Ceramics: Industrial Processing and Testing by John T. Jones and M. F. Berard, Iowa State University Press.Dry pressing requires that a shape be dimensionally stable after firing. That will occur if the pressing operations are in control and the firing is specified. If a pressed part is oversize after firing, it can be ground to size, but that is an extra operation usually not included in the costing of the part. If the part is undersize after firing, the part is scrap.Important factors in pressing are the die size, the particle size distribution of the powder, the binder system, the pressing pressure and pressing cycle. Problems are powder sticking to the die, powder not flowing into the die freely, and incorrect fired shrinkage.In isostatic pressing an additional problem can occur due to the incompressibility of air. This can sometimes be relieved by flooding the tooling cavity with propane which is compressible and on release will evaporate into the air slowly rather than expand instantly like air expands which can crack the part. In isostatic pressing the part usually must be machined after forming.Laminations in pressed parts can be caused by the powder not flowing easily during die filling or during pressing. These laminations will not usually heal during firing and must be eliminated in the pressing operations.Experiments with binders such as paraffin, gums, and starches, etc., must be conducted to determine the correct binder type and amount. Binders with lubricating properties can help.Somet
Using a ZigBee radio module offers many advantages. A module usually leads to a shorter development cycle. The RF design is already done for you – so you don’t need to become an RF expert. In addition, a module may carry FCC Modular Approval, which means you won’t have to take your product through the FCC’s intentional radiator approval process.
Disadvantages to using a ZigBee radio module versus an integrated ZigBee chip include a higher per-unit product cost. A module design also requires more physical space inside the housing and imposes more constraints on the industrial design of the product. What’s more, a module may have limited antenna options, which may be unsuitable for your product.
The final architecture task is to completely define your ZigBee network structure. The ZigBee standard supports multiple topologies for you to choose from. These include mesh, star, and cluster tree network configurations, which are shown in Figure 1.
The typical ZigBee network configuration is comprised of low power reduced function end point devices, generally called sensors. The sensors communicate with full function network control devices that handle the routing of packets over the network.
ZigBee radios can be implemented in several RF bands. Those operating in the 2.4 – 2.48 GHz band are the most common since this is the only
How well do you handle objections?The fact is, most people think they handle objections with ease. The reality paints a different picture. I claim that you could have closed as much as 25% of last year’s lost sales by simply understanding why the customer is objecting. Oh…and by keeping your noisy trap closed for a minute or two.“I really don’t understand why this upgrade costs extra when Acme doesn’t charge for it.” Right off the bat you want try to get across to your customer why that is not a valid objection. Often times you will go into a puke session about why your product is better or why your company is better than that of the competition. Whoa, easy there. You need to slow down and take a step back before you start puking all over your future customer. Who cares that the people down the street offer that spec for free but then charge the third world’s gross domestic product for delivery and assembly. They do not need to know this right now. Good news – your customer is interested!Objections are usually a good thing; your future customer brings them up because they are interested in buying. If they were not interested in buying they would just ask for a brochure or ask you to leave them the information.Since they are interested in buying, you need to make sure that your tone and your demeanor reflect the positive attributes of the objection. Do not become discouraged or become defensive about your product or your company. They ARE INTERESTED in buying from you. They simply want to know more.The secret lies in understanding exactly what they want to know more about. When the objection is in the form of a question, you must decipher what it is that they are truly asking and what it is that they truly
The final architecture task is to completely define your ZigBee network structure. The ZigBee standard supports multiple topologies for you to choose from. These include mesh, star, and cluster tree network configurations, which are shown in Figure 1.
The typical ZigBee network configuration is comprised of low power reduced function end point devices, generally called sensors. The sensors communicate with full function network control devices that handle the routing of packets over the network.
ZigBee radios can be implemented in several RF bands. Those operating in the 2.4 – 2.48 GHz band are the most common since this is the only RF band that is usable worldwide. In North America, 915 MHz is available for ZigBee radios and offers a few advantages over 2.4 GHz, such as slightly better range. Fewer chip providers are available who offer the lower frequency range, because antennas tend to be larger and the over-the-air data rate is lower. The 868 MHz version of ZigBee also offers valuable features, though it is available for use only in Europe.
Now that all the architecture decisions have been made, it is time to open the development system provided by your ZigBee partner and dig in. An example is shown in Figure 2. The development system will have sample application code to reference. Your final application will likely resemble this sample because you will apply the same Application Programming Interface (API) that the sample uses. You may also use the same operating system, system calls, and interrupts. Typical API commands are “FormNetwork()”, “JoinNetwork()”, “SendMessage()”, and “ZigBeeStackTick().” Learn to love this API – you will live with it for the next couple of months.
During the development phase, you will face many design challenges. Many will involve typical embedded development issues, while others will arise because you’ve added a new design element – the ZigBee stack.
ZigBee advertises ultra low power. This is great for the radio – but you have to expand that to include your entire system design. To fully optimize power usage and battery life, the firmware, electrical, and RF teams must devote a good deal of time to optimizing power consumption. As part of this effort, microcontroller sleep modes must be defined and implemented. Be aware that your development system may not work properly while the system is in sleep mode. You may need to use the old-fashioned “GPIO toggle and scope tracing” debug techniques.
If your system will be battery-powered, keep in mind that ZigBee radios do not violate the laws of physics. ZigBee radios use the current required to transmit at the selected power level - typically in the range of 20-50 mA. Achieving multi-year battery life is highly dependent on the usage scenario. Pay particular attention to how frequently the radio needs to wake up, how long it takes to wake up, and how much current it consumes while asleep. You may find that a ZigBee provider’s data sheets are only helpful to a limited extent in this area, and you will end up making your own measurements on current consumption.
In general, the principal tradeoff you need to make is data latency versus battery life. It seems counterintuitive; however, since ZigBee transmissions are at low RF power - in the range of a milliwatt - battery power usage during transmit and receive modes are similar. Don’t assume that a radio mode will use little power if it spends most of the time in receive mode.
The ZigBee development system you start with will probably not match your final hardware. This means you will be designing new interfaces to your devices – buttons, displays, memory, etc.
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